a. “Animal” means all nonhuman members of the animal kingdom, including domestic and livestock species.

b. “Assembly” means a facility that has organized services, meetings, or programs to benefit, educate, entertain, or promote discourse amongst the residents of the community in a public or private setting. “Assembly” includes such uses as a community center, house of worship, and private clubs and lodges.

c. “Auto-related use” means an establishment primarily engaged in the sale or rental of goods, merchandise, and services related to vehicles, such as repair, body work, painting, detailing, vehicle and vehicle-related equipment sales.

a. “Bicycle rack” means a device to which bicycles can be securely attached for parking purposes. A bike rack may be freestanding or it may be securely attached to the ground or some stationary object such as a building. Each rack must provide space for two or more bicycles to be secured.

b. “Blank wall limitation” means a restriction on the amount of windowless area permitted on a facade that fronts a street. When required, the following shall be met for each story:

c. “Block depth” means a block measurement that is the horizontal distance between the front property line on a block face and the front property line of the parallel or approximately parallel block face.

d. “Block ends” means the lots located on the end of a block; these lots are often larger than the lots in the interior of the block or those at the opposite end of the block and can be located on a more intense street type. They are typically more suitable for more intensive development, such as multiple family or mixed-use development.

e. “Block face” means the aggregate of all the building facades on one side of a block.

f. “Block length” means a block measurement that is the horizontal distance along the front property lines of the lots comprising the block.

g. “Build-to-zone” means an area in which the front or corner side facade of a building shall be placed; it may or may not be located directly adjacent to a property line. The zone dictates the minimum and maximum distance a structure may be placed from a property line. Refer to Figure 12.01.

h. “Building type” means a structure defined by the combination of configuration, form, and function. Refer to 17-7-11.6, Building Types, for more information and the list of permitted building types.

a. “Clinic” means a building or portion of a building containing an office or offices of medical doctors, dentists, psychiatrists, chiropractors, physical therapists and other members of the medical profession which provides facilities and services for outpatient care, diagnosis, treatment, and observation of individuals suffering from illness, injury or other conditions requiring medical, surgical or therapeutic services. This definition does not include facilities providing patient beds for overnight care.

b. “Courtyard” means an outdoor area enclosed by a building on at least two sides and open to the sky.

c. “Coverage, building” means the percentage of a lot developed with a principal or accessory structure.

d. “Coverage, impervious site” means the percentage of a lot developed with principal or accessory structures and impervious surfaces, such as driveways, sidewalks, and patios.

e. Craftsman Use. See “Industrial/craftsman use.”

a. “Dedication” means the intentional appropriation of land by the owner to the city for public use and/or ownership.

b. “Dwelling unit” means a room or group of rooms connected together that includes facilities for living, sleeping, cooking, and eating that are arranged, designed, or intended to be used as living quarters for one family, whether owner occupied, rented, or leased.

a. “Eave” means the edge of a pitched roof; it typically overhangs beyond the side of a building.

b. “Entrance type” means the permitted treatment types of the ground floor facade of a building type. Refer to Section 17-7-11.6 for more information and a list of permitted entrance types.

c. “Expression line” means an architectural feature. A decorative, three-dimensional, linear element, horizontal or vertical, protruding or indented at least two inches from the exterior facade of a building typically utilized to delineate floors or stories of a building.

a. “Facade” means the exterior face of a building, including but not limited to the wall, windows, windowsills, doorways, and design elements such as expression lines. The front facade is any building face adjacent to the front property line.

b. “Facade bay fenestration features” means a set of design features that are required in addition to minor division features. Table 12.01 lists the options for facade bay fenestration features. The minimum number of features that must be used to define adjacent bays is listed in each building type requirements table.

c. Fire. See “Police and fire.”

d. “Form district” means a designation given to each lot within the city that dictates the standards for development on that lot. Refer to Section 17-7-11.2, Form districts, for more information and a list of permitted form districts.

a. “Gross floor area” means the sum of all areas of a building, including accessory storage areas or closets within sales spaces, working spaces, or living spaces, and any basement floor area used for retailing activities, the production or processing or goods, or business offices. It shall not include attic space having headroom of seven feet or less and areas devoted primarily to storage, balconies, off-street parking and loading areas, enclosed porches, roof decks, roof gardens, or basement floor area other than specified above.

a. “Hotel” and “inn” mean a facility offering temporary or permanent lodging to the general public consisting of sleeping rooms with or without in-room kitchen facilities. Secondary service uses may also be provided, such as restaurants and meeting rooms. Rooms shall be accessed from the interior of the building. Bed and breakfasts are permitted.

a. “Industrial/craftsman use” means a use involving small-scale manufacturing, production, assembly, and/or repair, with little to no noxious by-products, that includes a showroom or small retail outlet. These uses may also include associated facilities such as offices and small-scale warehousing, but distribution is limited. The maximum overall gross floor area is limited to twenty thousand square feet, unless otherwise noted. Outdoor activities and storage of goods are not permitted.

a. “Landscape area” means area on a lot not dedicated to a structure, parking or loading facility, frontage buffer, side and rear buffer, or interior parking lot landscaping.

b. Library/Museum/Post Office. Libraries and museums are open to the general public for housing educational, cultural, artistic, or historic information, resources, and exhibits. May also include food service and a gift shop. A post office is a publicly accessed facility for the selling of supplies and mail-related products and the small-scale collection and distribution of mail and packages. Large-scale postal sorting and distribution is not permitted.

c. “Lot,” also referred to as “parcel,” means a plot of land intended to be separately owned, developed, or otherwise used as a unit. A lot may consist of one or many parcels. Most of the regulations in this FBC apply to the lot rather than the parcel. Refer to Figure 12.02, Lots. Projects that are developed in phases shall be considered one lot if only one permitting application process is required and two or more lots if two or more permitting application processes are required.

d. “Lot, corner” means a parcel of land abutting at least two vehicular rights-of-way, excluding an alley, at their intersection. Refer to Figure 12.02, Lots.

e. “Lot, flag” means a parcel of land having its only access to the adjacent vehicular right-of-way, excluding an alley, through a narrow strip of land. Refer to Figure 12.02, Lots.

f. “Lot, interior” means a parcel of land abutting a vehicular right-of-way, excluding an alley, along one property line, surrounded by lots along the remaining property lines. Refer to Figure 12.02, Lots.

g. “Lot, through,” also referred to as a “double frontage lot,” means an interior lot having frontage on two approximately parallel vehicular rights-of-way, excluding an alley. Refer to Figure 12.02, Lots.

h. “Lot area” means the computed area contained within the property lines; it is typically denoted in square feet or acres. Refer to Figure 12.02, Lots.

i. “Lot depth” means the smallest horizontal distance between the front and rear property lines measured approximately parallel to the corner and/or side property line. Refer to Figure 12.02, Lots.

j. “Lot frontage” means the horizontal distance between the side property lines, measured at the front property lines. Refer to Figure 12.02, Lots.

a. “Major division” means required divisions on longer buildings and identified by a dividing feature. Long facades may require more than one major division. Each major division consists of two or more minor divisions. All major divisions must be indicated by one of the divider features illustrated in Figure 12.03. The outside edges of a primary facade are the equivalent of a major divider. The minimum and maximum width of the major division is listed in feet in each building type requirements table.

b. “Major division features” means architectural elements that must differ between adjacent major divisions. Table 12.02 lists the options for major division features. The minimum number of features that must be used to define adjacent bays is listed in each building type requirement table.

c. “Medical/dental clinic” means a facility or institution, whether public or private, principally engaged in providing services for health maintenance and the treatment of mental or physical conditions.

d. “Minor division” means required divisions within each major division. Each minor division defines an individual bay in the building’s facade. The minimum and maximum width of the minor division is listed in feet in each building type requirement table.

e. “Minor division features” means architectural elements that must differ between adjacent minor divisions or are used to divide adjacent bays. Table 12.03 lists the options for minor division/divider features. The minimum number of features that must be used to define adjacent bays is listed in each building type requirement table.

f. Museum. See “Library/Museum/Post Office.”

a. “Nonconformance” means a structure, use, lot, or site characteristic that was legally constructed or operated prior to the effective date of or amendment to this chapter, but that cannot be constructed, platted, or operated after the effective date of or amendment to this chapter.

a. “Occupied space” means interior building space regularly occupied by the building users. It does not include storage areas, utility space, or parking.

b. “Office/professional” means a category of uses for businesses that involve the transaction of affairs of a profession, service, industry, or government. Patrons of these businesses usually have set appointments or meeting times; the businesses do not typically rely on walk-in customers.

c. “Open space” means a use of land for active or passive, public or private, outdoor space, including such uses as parks and town squares. See Section 17-7-11.7. Open space uses may also be utilized to host temporary private or community events, such as a farmer’s market or art fair. Parking lots are not permitted in open space in any district. Open space that incorporates stormwater management on a site or district scale is encouraged. Stormwater facilities shall be designed to accommodate additional uses, such as an amphitheater or a sports field. Stormwater facilities shall be designed not to be fenced and shall not impede public use of the land they occupy. An open space may include small-scale food and beverage service use, no more than two hundred square feet in space, located in a kiosk, with no service access. Buildings located directly adjacent to an open space use shall treat facades facing this use with primary street facade requirements.

d. Open Space, Minimum Access. This requirement ensures access and visibility for the open space. It is described in two ways:

e. “Open space type” means the permitted and regulated types of open spaces in this code. Refer to Section 17-7-11.7, Open Space, for more information and a list of the permitted types.

f. “Open water” means a pond, lake, reservoir, or other water feature with the water surface fully exposed.

a. “Parcel” means a tract of land that is specifically defined in legal terms for both taxation and ownership purposes. It is the smallest portion of land that may be defined in this way.

b. “Parking structure, attached” means a structure used solely for the parking of vehicles, intended for use by the occupants in an adjacent building on the same lot. Parking structures within the buildings are regulated per building type.

c. “Parking structure, detached” means a shared parking structure owned by the city, a parking district, a government agency, or other public entity intended to accommodate public and leased parking.

d. “Pedestrianway” means a pathway designed for use by pedestrians; it can be located mid-block allowing pedestrian movement from one street to another without traveling along the block’s perimeter.

e. “Pervious surface,” also referred to as “pervious material,” means surface or material that allows for the absorption of water into the ground or plant material, such as permeable pavers or a vegetated roof.

f. “Police and fire” means facilities providing public safety and emergency services; training facilities, locker rooms, and limited overnight accommodations may also be included.

g. Post Office. See “Library/Museum/Post Office.”

h. “Primary facade courtyard” means a pedestrian-only space that extends from the sidewalk into a lot beyond the BTZ setback. Primary facade courtyards are subject to the following standards:

i. “Primary street” means a street designated in the form-based code that receives priority over other streets in terms of setting front property lines and locating building entrances.

j. Professional. See “Office/professional.”

k. “Property line,” also referred to as “lot line,” means a boundary line of a parcel of land or lot. Refer to Figure 12.02, Lots.

l. “Property line, corner” means a boundary of a lot that is approximately perpendicular to the front property line and is directly adjacent to a public right-of-way, other than an alley or railroad. Refer to Figure 12.02, Lots.

m. “Property line, front” means the boundary abutting a right-of-way, other than an alley, from which the required setback or build-to zone is measured, with the following exceptions:

n. “Property line, rear” means the boundary of a lot that is approximately parallel to the front property line; this line separates lots from one another or separates a lot from an alley. Refer to Figure 12.02, Lots.

o. “Property line, side” means the boundary of a lot that is approximately perpendicular to the front and rear property lines; it is not adjacent to the public right-of-way. Refer to Figure 12.02, Lots.

a. “Residential” means facilities in which people reside. Often called “housing,” this includes several different building types and configurations of dwelling units meant for individuals and groups of people, such as a family. Units are typically occupied for long periods of time and may be leased or owner-occupied.

b. “Residential care” means a facility offering temporary or permanent lodging to the general public consisting of an unlimited number of sleeping rooms with or without in-room kitchen facilities. “Residential care” includes such uses as independent and assisted living facilities, nursing homes, and residential care homes. Assistance with daily activities may be provided for residents. Secondary service uses may also be provided, such as restaurants and meeting rooms. Rooms shall be accessed from the interior of the building.

c. “Retail, general” means retail uses occupying a space larger than twelve thousand square feet, and engaged in selling goods or merchandise to the general public for personal or household consumption and rendering services incidental to the sale of such goods, including, but not limited to, convenience stores, department stores, grocery stores, hobby shops, etc.

d. “Retail, neighborhood” means retail uses occupying a space smaller than twelve thousand square feet, and engaged in selling goods or merchandise to the general public for personal or household consumption and rendering services incidental to the sale of such goods, including, but not limited to, convenience stores, department stores, grocery stores, hobby shops, etc.

e. “Right-of-way” means land dedicated or utilized for a street type, trail, pedestrianway, utility, railroad, or other similar purpose.

f. “Roof type” means the detail at the top of a building that finishes a facade, including a pitched roof with various permitted slopes and a parapet. Refer to Section 17-7-11.6 for more information and a list of the permitted roof types.

a. “Scale” means the relative size of a building, street, sign, or other element of the built environment.

b. “School” means an education facility with classrooms and offices, that may also include associated indoor facilities such as ball courts, gymnasium, theater, and food service.

c. “Service, general” means service uses occupying a space larger than twelve thousand square feet and are primarily engaged in providing assistance, as opposed to products, to individuals, business, industry, government, and other enterprises, including, but not limited to, entertainment uses, repair of small goods and electronics (not including vehicles), home furniture, restaurants, etc.

d. “Service, neighborhood” means service uses occupying a space smaller than twelve thousand square feet, are primarily engaged in providing assistance, as opposed to products, to individuals, business, industry, government, and other enterprises, including, but not limited to, entertainment uses, repair of small goods and electronics (not including vehicles), home furniture, restaurants, etc. Multiple neighborhood service uses can be aggregated in one development.

e. “Semi-pervious surface,” also referred to as “semi-pervious material,” means material that allows for at least forty percent absorption of water into the ground or plant material, such as pervious pavers, permeable asphalt and concrete, or gravel.

f. “Setback” means the horizontal distance from a property line inward, beyond which a structure may be placed. Structures or other impervious surfaces are not permitted within a setback, unless specifically permitted in this code. Refer to Figure 12.01.

g. “Sexually oriented business” means nude entertainment businesses, sexually oriented outcall services, adult businesses, seminude dancing bars and seminude dancing agencies.

h. “Sign” means an object, device, or structure used to advertise, identify, display, direct, or attract attention to an object, person, institution, organization, business, product, service, event, or location by such means as words, letters, figures, images, designs, symbols, or colors. Flags or emblems of any nation, state, city, or organization; works of art which in no way identify a product; and athletic field score boards are not considered signs.

i. “Solar reflectance index (SRI)” means a measure of a constructed surface’s ability to reflect solar heat, as shown by a small temperature rise. The measure utilizes a scale from zero to one hundred and is defined so that a standard black surface is zero and a standard white surface is one hundred. To calculate for a given material, obtain the reflectance value and emittance value for the material; calculate the SRI according to ASTM E 1980-01 or the latest version.

j. “Story” means a habitable level within a building measured from finished floor to finished floor.

k. “Story, ground,” also referred to as “ground floor,” means the first floor of a building that is level to or elevated above the finished grade on the front and corner facades, excluding basements or cellars.

l. “Story, half” means a story either in the base of the building, partially below grade and partially above grade, or a story fully within the roof structure with transparency facing the street.

m. “Story, upper,” also referred to as “upper floor,” means the floors located above the ground story of a building.

n. “Street face” means the facade of a building that faces a public right-of-way.

o. “Street frontage,” also referred to as “lot frontage,” means the portion of a building or lot directly adjacent to a vehicular right-of-way.

p. “Street type” means the permitted and regulated types of streets in this code. Refer to Section 17-7-11.4, Street types, for more information and a list of the permitted street types.

q. “Streetwall” means the vertical plane created by building facades along a street. A continuous streetwall occurs when buildings are located in a row next to the sidewalk without vacant lots or significant setbacks.

r. “Structure, accessory” means the general term for a subordinate structure detached from but located on the same lot as the principal structure; it may or may not be inhabitable.

s. “Structure, principal,” also referred to as the “principal building,” means a building that contains the dominant use of the lot. It is typically located toward the front of the lot in the front build-to zone or behind the front yard setback.

t. “Swale” means a low-lying, naturally planted area with gradual slopes that facilitate the transport, absorption, and/or filtration of stormwater.

a. “Transit station” means a covered passenger boarding and alighting facility for a bus or other transit mode.

b. Transparency, Minimum Ground Story and Upper Floor. Refer to Figure 12.04, Measuring Transparency. The minimum amount of transparency required on street facades with street frontage. “Transparency” is any glass in windows and/or doors, including any mullions, that is highly transparent with low reflectance.

ii. A general minimum transparency requirement shall be measured from floor to floor of each story.

c. “Tree canopy” means the uppermost area of spreading branches and leaves of a tree.

d. “Tree canopy coverage” means the area of ground covered or shaded by a tree’s canopy, measured in square feet.

a. “Use,” also referred to as “land use,” means a purpose or activity that may occur within a building or a lot.

b. “Use, accessory” means a use customarily incidental and subordinate to the principal use or structure and located on the same lot with such principal use or structure.

c. “Use, principal” means the specific, primary purpose for which a lot or building is utilized.

d. “Utility/infrastructure” means a lot that is primarily utilized for the city’s infrastructure needs. “Utility/infrastructure” includes such uses as electric or gas services, sewage treatment, water treatment and storage, and energy conversion systems.

a. “Visible basement” means a half story partially below grade and partially exposed above with required transparency on the street facade.

a. “Water body” means a body of water, such as a river, pond, or lake, that may be manmade or naturally occurring.

a. “Yard” means the space on a lot which is unoccupied and unobstructed from the ground to the sky by the principal structure. Lots without a structure do not have yard designations. Refer to Figure 12.05, Yards.

b. “Yard, corner side” means a yard extending from the corner side building facade along a corner side property line between the front yard and rear property line. Refer to Figure 12.05, Yards.

c. “Yard, front” means a yard extending from the front facade of the principal structure along the full length of the front property line, between the side property lines or side and corner side property lines. Refer to Figure 12.05, Yards.

d. “Yard, rear” means a yard extending from the rear building facade along the rear property line between the side yards or, on a corner lot, the corner side and side yards. Refer to Figure 12.05, Yards.

e. “Yard, side” means a yard extending from the side building facade along a side property line between the front yard and rear property line. Refer to Figure 12.05, Yards.